USSR 1959 Luna 1

A cover featuring Luna 1 Moscow K-9 special postmarks in black and red.
The first successful lunar spacecraft was the Soviet Union's Luna 1 (also known as Mechta), which was launched on January 2, 1959, and intended for a fly-by trajectory. Although Luna 1 missed the moon and entered a solar orbit instead, it did yield valuable scientific data by releasing a sodium vapor cloud 70,000 miles from Earth, enabling scientists to study interplanetary gases.

Photo: An image depicting Luna 1 in orbit.
A cover featuring Luna 1 Moscow K-9 special postmark, signed by Alexei Leonov, the Voskhod 2 cosmonaut and the first man to walk in space.
A cover featuring Luna 1 Moscow special postmark.
A First Day Cover for the Luna 1 stamps.
(Reference from Luna 1)